Ancient History
Scenarios from the dawn of civilization to 500 CE
What If Socrates Was Never Executed?
Exploring how Western philosophy and intellectual development might have unfolded if Socrates had not been executed in 399 BCE but instead continued teaching and developing his ideas into old age.
What If Alexander's Empire Had a Clear Succession Plan?
Exploring how the Hellenistic world and broader Eurasian development might have unfolded if Alexander the Great had established a clear succession plan before his death, potentially preserving his vast empire rather than having it fragment into competing kingdoms.
What If Constantine Never Converted to Christianity?
Exploring how world history would have unfolded if Emperor Constantine had maintained traditional Roman religious practices instead of embracing Christianity, potentially altering the course of Western civilization.
What If Philip II of Macedon Was Not Assassinated?
Exploring how world history would have unfolded if Philip II had lived to lead the invasion of Persia instead of his son Alexander.
What If Carthage Won the Punic Wars?
Exploring how Western civilization might have developed if Carthage had defeated Rome in their series of conflicts, potentially creating a Mediterranean world dominated by Carthaginian rather than Roman influence.
What If Tiberius Gracchus Succeeded in His Reforms?
Exploring how Roman history might have unfolded if Tiberius Gracchus had successfully implemented his land reforms, potentially preventing the Republic's decline and fall.