Renaissance & Early Modern
Scenarios from 1500 CE to 1800 CE
What If the Spanish Armada Defeated England?
Exploring how European history would have unfolded if Spain's Armada had successfully invaded England in 1588, overthrowing Elizabeth I and restoring Catholicism.
What If the Protestant Reformation Never Happened?
Exploring how European and world history would have unfolded if the Protestant Reformation had never occurred, fundamentally altering the religious, political, and cultural development of the Western world.
What If the Printing Press Was Never Invented?
Exploring how European and world history would have unfolded if Gutenberg's printing press had never been invented, fundamentally altering the spread of knowledge, religious reform, and scientific progress.
What If Early Modern Europe Developed Germ Theory?
Exploring how world history would have unfolded if scientists in early modern Europe had discovered and accepted germ theory centuries before Pasteur and Koch, revolutionizing medicine and public health.
What If the Printing Press Spread to the Ottoman Empire Earlier?
Exploring how world history would have unfolded if the Ottoman Empire had embraced movable type printing technology in the 16th century rather than restricting it until the 18th century.
What If the Industrial Revolution Began Earlier?
Exploring how world history would have unfolded if mechanized production and industrial technologies had emerged in the 17th century rather than the 18th, fundamentally altering the trajectory of global development.